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Most guards are classified roughly according to their relative danger to the player. The game difficulty setting and mission difficulty level determine how many guards of each class will be present at the start of a mission.
† Found in the Contingency Plan DLC.
Some enemy units are not classified because they appear depending on the type mission, regardless of the mission difficulty level:
Additionally, Enforcers and Elite Enforcers are not classified, because they are never present at the start of the mission.